Required usable AC energy (kWh) = Σ(load watts × backup hours) ÷ 1000. Then adjust for inverter losses and the battery’s permitted usable depth of discharge. Add margin for ageing and surge, but stay within the inverter and battery manufacturer’s supported design.
| Load | Watts | Hours | Wh needed |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lights | Measured total | Desired backup | W × h |
| Fans | Measured total | Desired backup | W × h |
| Router / electronics | Measured | Desired backup | W × h |
| Refrigerator or motor load | Running + surge | Duty cycle estimate | Use realistic cycling |