Confirm who billed you: The merchant says it refunded the card, but no credit appears
Match the original card transaction with the merchant’s refund date, amount and payment method. A merchant email saying “refunded” is not the same as a card-network trace that the issuer can locate.
Correct the billing record: The merchant says it refunded the card, but no credit appears
Ask the merchant for the refund reference available from its payment processor, then give that reference to the card issuer and ask it to trace the incoming credit. Keep the merchant message, refund reference and issuer case number together.
Verify the renewal state: The merchant says it refunded the card, but no credit appears
The refund is posted to the correct card account or the issuer gives a written trace result that identifies where the credit failed, so you know whether the next action belongs with the merchant or issuer.
Escalate with the receipt: The merchant says it refunded the card, but no credit appears
Use the issuer’s written dispute route for the actual unresolved transaction state. Do not invent a universal chargeback deadline; use the deadline and dispute category shown by your issuer/card-network process for that transaction.